Periodontal surgery, commonly known as perio surgery, is performed to treat advanced gum disease and restore the health of the gums and supporting bone structures around the teeth. Gum disease caused by plaque and bacterial infection can lead to swollen gums, bleeding, bone loss, and loose teeth if left untreated. During perio surgery, infected tissue is cleaned, deep pockets around the teeth are reduced, and damaged gum or bone structures may be repaired or regenerated. The treatment helps control infection, improve gum health, and protect teeth from further damage or tooth loss.